Greadian: Nouns
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This section is yet quite stub. There are a lot of things that must be written here so I am taking it piece by piece.
The nouns in Greadian are not that difficult but you will have to remember some details that are uncommon and don't exist in most of languages.
Greadian nouns conjugate in following ways:
- Gender (masculine, feminine and neuter)
- Number (singular, dual and plural)
- Case (commonly only nominative and prepositional. Marginally mainly genitive, purposive, abessive, comitative and some few other).
Cases except nominative and prepositional are extremely rarely used.
Nouns, like other word classes, can bear aspect prefixes so be careful.
What is interesting in Greadian nouns is that all mammals and many other animals (but not all) have three genders, when masculine refers to a male animal, feminine to female animal and neuter to either of them, not specifying the gender. The age of a mammal can be identified by certain prefixes.
Masculine gender
What is always masculine?
- Male animals (that have own form for masculine)
- Proper names for males
- Mountains
- Most of space objects
- Heavenly objects
How they conjugate?
| Singular number | Dual number | Plural number | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Declination | -ос/өс | -ас/яс | -ес/єс |
| 2. Declination | -ус/үс | -ас/яс | -ес/єс |
| 3. Declination | -іос | -іас | -іес |
| 4. Declination | -ікос/їкос | -ікас/їкас | -ікес/їкес |
Feminine gender
What is always feminine?
- Countries (4. and 5. declination)
- Languages (in singular) and the speakers of the language (dual and plural) (7. declination)
- Body parts (Mainly 1. and 2. declination)
- Most of flora (declination varies)
- Most of city names (declination varies)
- Female animals (that have own form for feminine)
How they conjugate?
| Singular number | Dual number | Plural number | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Declination | -а/я | -ас/яс | -ес/єс |
| 2. Declination | -и/й | -ас/яс | -ес/єс |
| 3. Declination | -ис | -ас/яс | -ес/єс |
| 4. Declination | -іа | -іянас | -іянес |
| 5. Declination | -їа | -їнас | -їнес |
| 6. Declination | -іка/їка | -ікас/їкас | -ікес/їкес |
| 7. Declination | -іки/їки | -ікас/їкас | -ікес/їкес |
NB! The 4th and 5th declinations are often if not always used with indefinite/definite article. The reason is that the words in those declinations are considered more or less collective instead of particularly feminine.
Neuter gender
What is always neuter?
- Animals not being specified by gender (that also have masculine and feminine)
- Some children animals
- Some collective subjects (5. Declination)
How they conjugate?
| Singular number | Dual number | Plural number | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Declination | -о | -ас | -ес |
| 2. Declination | -е | -ас | -ес |
| 3. Declination | -о | -өнас | -өнес |
| 4. Declination | -е | -єнас | -єнес |
| 5. Declination | -іо | -іөнас | -іөнес |
| 6. Declination | -он/өн | -ан/ян | -ен/єн |
